E-bikes and e-scooters are becoming increasingly popular, and with that, comes a corresponding fire safety concern due to the charging and storage of them.
Most are powered by lithium-ion batteries which can be charged in the home. On occasion, there is a risk that batteries can fail catastrophically, ‘explode’ and/or lead to a rapidly developing fire.
Please follow our safety advice to prevent this happening:
Charging:
- Follow the manufacturer’s instructions when charging and always unplug your charger when it’s finished charging.
- Make sure you have working smoke alarms. If you charge or store your e-bike or e-scooter in a garage or kitchen, ensure you install detection – heat alarms rather than smoke detectors are recommended for these areas.
- Charge batteries whilst you are awake and alert so that if a fire should occur you can respond quickly. Don’t leave batteries to charge while you are asleep or away from the home.
- Always use the manufacturer-approved charger for the product, and if you spot any signs of wear and tear or damage buy an official replacement charger for your product from a reputable seller.
- Do not cover chargers or battery packs when charging as this could lead to overheating or even a fire.
- Do not charge batteries or store your e-bike or e-scooter near combustible or flammable materials.
- Do not overcharge your battery – check the manufacturer’s instructions for charge times.
- Do not overload socket outlets or use inappropriate extension leads (use un-coiled extensions and ensure the lead is suitably rated for what you are plugging into it).
- In the event of an e-bike, e-scooter or lithium-ion battery fire – do not attempt to extinguish the fire. Get out, stay out, call 999.
Storage
- Avoid storing or charging e-bikes and e-scooters on escape routes or in communal areas of a multi-occupied building. If there’s a fire, it can affect people’s ability to escape.
- Responsible Persons should consider the risks posed by e-bikes and e-scooters where they are charged or left in common areas such as means of escape, bike stores and mobility scooter charging rooms. They may wish to offer advice to residents on the safe use, storage and charging of these products.
- Store e-bikes and e-scooters and their batteries in a cool place. Avoid storing them in excessively hot or cold areas.
- Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the storage and maintenance of lithium-ion batteries if they are not going to be used for extended periods of time.
Buying
- Buy e-bikes, e-scooters, chargers and batteries from reputable retailers.
- Many fires involve counterfeit electrical goods. Items which don’t meet British or European standards pose a huge fire risk and while genuine chargers (or battery packs) may cost more, it’s not worth putting your life at risk and potentially destroying your home by buying a fake charger to save a few pounds.
- If buying an e-bike conversion kit, purchase from a reputable seller and check that it complies with British or European standards. Take particular care if buying from online auctions or fulfilment platforms. Also be aware that if buying separate components, you should check that they are compatible.
- Register your product with the manufacturer to validate any warranties – batteries are usually included in warranties. Registering makes it easier for manufacturers to contact you in the event of safety or recall information.
- Check any products you have bought are not subject to a product recall. You can do this by checking Electrical Safety First’s website or the government website.
Damage and disposal
- Batteries can be damaged by dropping them or crashing e-bikes or e-scooters. Where the battery is damaged, it can overheat and catch fire without warning. Check your battery regularly for any signs of damage and if you suspect it is damaged it should be replaced and should not be used or charged.
- If you need to dispose of a damaged or end-of-life battery, don’t dispose of it in your household waste or normal recycling. These batteries, when punctured or crushed can cause fires in bin lorries, recycling and waste centres. Your e-bike or e-scooter manufacturer may offer a recycling service. Alternatively, check with your local authority for suitable battery recycling arrangements in your area.
The government has published new statutory guidelines for businesses producing and distributing lithium-ion batteries for e-bikes, as the latest step in tackling fires caused by unsafe e-bikes and associated products.
There were at least ten fire-related fatalities in the UK involving e-bikes or e-scooters powered by lithium-ion batteries in 2023. Poorly designed or poorly manufactured lithium-ion batteries used in e-bikes and e-scooters present a risk of thermal runaway which can result in a serious fire or explosion. These guidelines mandate that lithium-ion batteries must contain a safety mechanism to address that risk.
E-bike battery statutory guidelines launch – GOV.UK
For more information on lithium-ion batteries in E-Scooters and E-Bikes, please see our leaflet.
More information
The FireKills campaign has produced a safety leaflet about the safe use of personal light electric vehicles.